complications of diabetes mellitus pdf 2019 Diabetes mellitus:- part 6 – diabetes mellitus complications and

Living with diabetes can be challenging, but understanding the potential complications of this condition is crucial in managing your health. Diabetes Mellitus comes with a wide array of long-term complications that can develop over time and affect multiple areas of the body. In this post, we will talk about the different complications of diabetes, including the short-term and the long-term effects. Short-term complications of diabetes are the result of high blood sugar levels. These complications can happen suddenly and need immediate treatment. Some of the short-term complications of diabetes include: 1. Hypoglycemia - When blood sugar levels drop too low, this condition occurs. It can cause shakiness, sweating, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. 2. Hyperglycemia - When blood sugar levels rise too high, hyperglycemia occurs. This condition causes tiredness, thirst, and can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication. 3. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - DKA is a life-threatening complication that occurs when there is a shortage of insulin in the body. This shortage causes the body to break down fat for energy, which produces acidic ketones and can lead to coma or death. Long-term complications of diabetes are the consequences of uncontrolled high blood sugar levels over time. These complications can be subdivided into Macrovascular complications and Microvascular complications. Macrovascular complications affect the larger blood vessels and include: 1. Cardiovascular disease - When the heart’s blood vessels become damaged, it can lead to stroke or heart attack. 2. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - PAD affects the legs and other extremities; it can cause pain, discomfort, and in severe cases, gangrene. 3. Stroke - People with diabetes are at higher risk of stroke because uncontrolled high blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the brain. Microvascular complications affect the smaller blood vessels, including: 1. Nephropathy - Kidney disease affects people with diabetes more than any other condition. Over time, high blood sugar harms the small blood vessels in the kidney, which leads to kidney damage and eventually failure. 2. Neuropathy - Nerve damage is a common complication of diabetes. It can lead to numbness, tingling, and in severe cases, amputation of extremities. 3. Retinopathy - Retinopathy affects the eyes and is caused by damage to the small blood vessels that nourish the retina. It can cause blindness if left untreated. In conclusion, understanding the complications of diabetes is essential for keeping yourself healthy. If you have diabetes, it is important to maintain good blood sugar control to prevent short- and long-term complications. Additionally, you should have regular check-ups to stay on top of your health and catch any complications early. With the right care and management, you can continue living a happy and healthy life with diabetes.

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